沙颍河流域人为输入对水体水化学组成的影响

人类活动输入影响河流水体化学组成,增加经河流体系向海洋输出物质的通量,影响全球物质循环过程。有效识别人为输入的影响途径和范围对于量化人类活动对全球物质循环的影响具有重要作用。沙颍河是淮河上游最大支流,流域水体受人为输入影响严重,通过研究沙颍河流域强人为输入对河水水化学组成的影响过程,有利于弄清楚强烈人为活动干扰下河流输出物质通量的变化。本文通过平水期(2019年12月)采集河水(n=41)以及地下水样品(n=12),分析其水化学及氢氧同位素组成,阐明人为输入影响方式和途径以及在空间上的分布规律,辨别控制水体化学组成的主要因素。结果表明:沙颍河支流河水和地下水阴离子以HCO₃^-为主,阳离子以Ca2⁺为主,干流河水逐渐转变为阴离子以Cl^-为主,阳离子以Na⁺为主的水体水化学类型;碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩化学风化、城市工业和生活污水以及农业面源是控制流域水体化学组成的主要因素。多数沙河河水以及上游颍河河水水化学组成主要受岩石化学风化为主,少受工业废水及生活污水影响,贾鲁河和沙颍河干流河水受城市工业及生活污水影响,流域地下水普遍受到农业面源的影响;研究区地下水氯碱指数小于0,与硅酸盐岩矿物中K⁺和Na⁺与水体中Ca2⁺和Mg2⁺发生阳离子交换有关。沙颍河干流河水水体K⁺和Na⁺含量高于地下水,除地下水补给河水部分K⁺和Na^(⁺)外,工业废水和生活污水输入的K⁺和Na⁺是沙颍河干流河水K⁺和Na⁺含量升高的主要原因;沙颍河干流河水Cl^-等行为保守元素含量往下游逐渐降低,与地下水补给和下游闸坝畜水稀释有关,而水体氘盈余值持续升高,显示下游河水经历强烈蒸发过程。本研究阐明了强人为输入对河水的影响,为沙颍河流域水污染治理提供了科学依据。     

乌苏里江洪泛湿地蜻蜓目幼虫对水文连通阻断的生态响应

大型底栖动物的群落组成完整性能够指示和预测水生态环境的健康程度和变化趋势,已经在大量研究中得到验证。然而,群落水平的全部样品采集过程的复杂性并不利于它们的便捷应用。蜻蜓目幼虫是大型底栖动物中相对易于捕捉和识别的类群,并且拥有特别的两栖生命周期,它们的多样性特征以及对水体性质变化的敏感反应,使其成为湿地生态系统中非常广泛且适宜的指示生物。本研究通过比较乌苏里江人工堤坝内外两侧不同河段的河滨湿地中蜻蜓目幼虫的群落组成,分析堤坝阻隔对河滨湿地的生态影响,评估蜻蜓目幼虫对河滨湿地的环境指示特征。结果表明,随着乌苏里江由上游至下游,河滨湿地蜻蜓目幼虫的多样性愈加丰富;阻隔水文连通对蜻蜓目幼虫的生存繁育产生负面的作用,且越趋近下游,蜻蜓目幼虫受到人工堤坝的影响程度越显著;堤坝两侧不同物种的密度变化差异较小,主要区别在于直接与河流水文连通的样点多样性指数值的波动范围相对较大。     

中国真叶蝇属六新种及中国种类检索表（双翅目：叶蝇科）

记述中国真叶蝇属6新种:短须真叶蝇P.brevipalpis sp.nov.,瘤突真叶蝇P.gangliiformisa sp.nov.,李氏真叶蝇P.lii sp.nov.,长毛真叶蝇P.longisetae sp.nov.,黑腹真叶蝇P.melanogastera sp.nov.和黑缘真叶蝇P.nigrimarginata sp.nov.,编制了本属中国种类的检索表.     

含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(caspase-1)对猪伪狂犬病毒复制的影响

猪伪狂犬病是伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)感染引起的一种烈性接触性传染病,其感染宿主会触发机体先天免疫应答,引起I型干扰素(Type I interferon,IFN-1)和炎性细胞因子等细胞因子的产生,为研究可诱导产生炎性细胞因子的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,caspase-1)的基因敲除对PRV复制的影响,本试验利用近年来发展迅速的一项规律性短重复回文序列簇/Cas9核酸酶(Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated system 9,CRISPR/Cas9)基因定点修饰技术构建猪肾上皮细胞(Porcine kidney epithelial cells,PK15)caspase-1基因稳定敲除细胞系,并通过T7核酸酶检测敲除效率;细胞毒性(Cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)试剂盒检测PK15敲除caspase-1增殖影响;采用流式细胞术检测PRV-GFP感染PK15以及PK15-caspase-1^-/-的增殖差异;实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,RT-PCR)检测PRV-gB、TK及白细胞介素1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IFN-β、干扰素刺激基因(Interferon-stimulated genes 20,ISG20)mRNA的表达;Western Blot检测PRV-gB蛋白表达;滴度测定检测子代病毒滴度。结果表明,2对特异性单链引导RNA(Single guide RNA,sgRNA)均能对caspase-1进行基因编辑,但经T7核酸酶酶切进行基因编辑效率分析结果表明sgRNA2的基因编辑效率较高;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力结果表明caspase-1基因敲除对PK15以及PK15-caspase-1^-/-细胞活力无影响(P>0.05);流式细胞仪检测结果表明PRV-GFP在PK15-caspase-1^-/-中的增殖显著低于PK15细胞(P<0.05);定量RT-PCR结果表明PRV-gB、TK基因在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的mRNA表达显著低于PK15细胞(gB:P<0.05,TK:P<0.05),而IFN-β、ISG20基因在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的mRNA表达显著高于PK15细胞(gB:P<0.05,TK:P<0.05);Western Blot结果表明,PRV的gB蛋白在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的表达显著低于PK15细胞(P<0.05);滴度测定结果表明,敲除caspase-1能够抑制PRV子代病毒的增殖。以上结果均表明caspase-1基因敲除可抑制PRV在PK15细胞中复制。     

MiR319-targeted OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb regulate tillering and grain yield in rice

Multiple genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) improve grain yield by promoting tillering. MiR319s are known to regulate several aspects of plant development; however, whether miR319s are essential for tillering regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that miR319 is highly expressed in the basal part of rice plant at different development stages. The miR319 knockdown line Short Tandem Target Mimic 319 (STTM319) showed higher tiller bud length in seedlings under low nitrogen (N) condition and higher tiller bud number under high N condition compared with the miR319a-overexpression line. Through targets prediction, we identified OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb as downstream targets of miR319. Moreover, OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb overexpression lines and STTM319 had increased tiller bud length and biomass, whereas both were decreased in OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb knockout lines and OE319a. These data suggest that miR319 regulates rice tiller bud development and tillering through targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Notably, the tiller number and grain yield increased in STTM319 and overexpression lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb but decreased in OE319a and knockout lines of OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR319s negatively affect tiller number and grain yield by targeting OsTCP21 and OsGAmyb, revealing a novel function for miR319 in rice.     

土壤镉胁迫对檫木光合特性的影响

采用盆栽控制土培试验的方法,探讨不同浓度Cd胁迫对檫木(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl.)光合特性的影响。试验共设置5个镉处理水平(CK:0 mg·kg^-1,T1:5 mg·kg^-1,T2:20 mg·kg^-1,T3:50 mg·kg^-1,T4:100 mg·kg^-1)。分别测定每个处理下檫木叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应曲线。结果表明:①随着处理Cd浓度的升高,檫木叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量先增加后下降,T2处理下取达到最大值;②随着Cd浓度处理升高,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈现下降趋势,各处理间胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)差异不显著,檫木叶片光合速率主要受非气孔因素限制;③随着Cd浓度升高,檫木叶片的Pnmax(最大净光合速率)呈现显著下降趋势;T1处理条件下,檫木叶片的初始量子效率(α)值最大;檫木叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)总体呈现下降趋势。综上表明,在不同浓度Cd胁迫条件下,檫木叶绿素含量先增后减,在T1、T2处理下高于CK,体现了Cd胁迫“低促高抑”的效应;随着Cd浓度处理升高,光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应参数较CK总体上均呈现下降趋势,表明Cd胁迫对檫木光合作用产生了明显的抑制作用。     

Advancement and properties of circular RNAs in prostate cancer: An emerging and compelling frontier for discovering

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common carcinoma among men worldwide which results in 26% of leading causes of cancer-related death. However, the ideal and effective molecular marker remains elusive. CircRNA, initially observed in plant-infected viruses and Sendai virus in 1979, is generated from pre-mRNA back-splicing and comes in to play by adequate expression. The differential expression in prostate tissues compared with the control reveals the promising capacity in modulating processes including carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological mechanisms of regulatory network in PC needs to systemically concluded. In this review, we enlightened the comprehensive studies on the definite mechanisms of circRNAs affecting tumor progression and metastasis. What''s more, we validated the potential clinical application of circRNAs serving as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The discussion and analysis in circRNAs will broaden our knowledge of the pathogenesis of PC and further optimize the current therapies against different condition.